Antibody variable region of a monoclonal antibody against human tumor necrosis factor alpha and a gene encoding the same

ABSTRACT

An antibody variable region of a monoclonal antibody specifically binding to human tumor necrosis factor-α contains at least one of a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region having specific complementarity determining regions therein. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the same, a recombinant vector containing the nucleic acid molecule, and a cell transformed with the recombinant vector are also provided.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an antibody variable region of amonoclonal antibody specifically binding to human tumor necrosisfactor-α, a gene encoding the same, a recombinant vector containing thegene, and a cell transformed with the recombinant vector.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Human tumor necrosis factor-α (hereinafter referred to as “hTNFα”) is ahomotrimer consisting of three 17 kDa protein subunits (Eck M J et al.,JBC 267: 2119-2122, 1992; Smith R A et al., JBC 262: 6951-6954, 1987).hTNFα is an inflammatory cytokine secreted from monocytes andmacrophages and functions as a signal transmitter in several cellularreactions such as necrosis and apoptosis (Beyaert R et al., FEBS Lett.340: 9-16, 1994).

hTNFα causes a pro-inflammatory action leading to tissue destruction,such as breakdown of the cartilage and bone (Saklatvala, Nature 322:547-549, 1986) and increasing the adherence of neutrophils andlymphocytes (Pober et al., K. Immunol. 138: 3319, 1987). In addition, ithas been known that hTNFα plays an important role in a defense mechanismagainst infectious disease and tumor (Fiers W, FEBS Lett. 285: 199-212,1991).

hTNFα is involved in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases,bacterial infections, cancers and degenerative diseases. Among thesediseases, hTNFα has been regarded as a useful target protein for aspecific physiological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn'sdisease.

Meanwhile, it has been also suggested to use a hTNFα inhibitor for thepurpose of treating rheumatoid arthritis. It has been reported thathTNFα is overexpressed in the synovial cells isolated from theearly-stage rheumatoid joint (Buchan G et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 73:449-455, 1988), and cytokines relating to rheumatoid arthritis lesionsare decreased when the above synovial cells are treated with ananti-hTNFα monoclonal antibody (Butler D M et al., Eur. Cytokine Netw.6: 225-230, 1995).

Further, it has been found that an anti-hTNFα antibody or a recombinantsoluble hTNFα receptor suppresses inflammation and destruction of ajoint in a collagen induced mouse arthritis model (Wpiquet P F et al.,Immunology 77: 510-514, 1992; Wooley P H et al., J. Immunol. 151:6602-6607, 1993; Williams R O et al., Immunology 84: 433-439, 1995).Moreover, it has been observed that inflammatory arthritis is induced ina transgenic mouse overexpressing hTNFα (Keffer J et al., EMBO J. 10:4025-4031, 1991).

These results indicate that hTNFα plays an important role as a direct orindirect regulator controlling inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoidathritis. Accordingly, there has been a need to develop a monoclonalantibody having high selectivity and reactivity against hTNFα for thepurpose of treating rheumatoid arthritis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide anantibody variable region of a monoclonal antibody specifically bindingto hTNFα.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a gene encodingan antibody variable region of a monoclonal antibody specificallybinding to hTNFα; a recombinant vector comprising the gene; and a celltransformed with the recombinant vector.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there isprovided an antibody variable region of a monoclonal antibodyspecifically binding to hTNFα, comprising at least one of:

a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQID NOS: 9, 10 and 11; and

a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQID NOS: 12, 13 and 14.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heavy chain variable regionof a monoclonal antibody specifically binding to hTNFα, wherein theheavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequences of SEQ IDNOS: 9, 10 and 11.

In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, thereis provided a nucleic acid molecule encoding a light chain variableregion of a monoclonal antibody specifically binding to hTNFα, whereinthe light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequences ofSEQ ID NOS: 12, 13 and 14.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention encompasses an antibody variable region of amonoclonal antibody specifically binding to hTNFα and a gene encodingthe same.

In order to prepare a monoclonal antibody specifically binding to hTNFα,a mouse was immunized with a recombinant hTNFα (Biosource PHC3011,Belgium). Spleen cells obtained from the immunized mouse were fused withmyeloma cells (Sp2/0-Ag14, ATCC CRL1581) to prepare a pool of hybridomacells. Such hybridoma cells were subjected to subsequent cloning andselection procedures, to provide numerous monoclonal antibodies. Amongthese monoclonal antibodies, certain monoclonal antibodies specificallybinding to hTNFα were selected for further analysis. As a result, ahybridoma cell line TSK11 has been obtained, which produces a monoclonalantibody specifically binding to hTNFα and showing a high bindingaffinity for hTNFα.

Total RNA was extracted from the hybridoma cell line TSK11 and subjectedto reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tosynthesize cDNA molecules of a heavy chain and a light chain of themonoclonal antibody. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried outusing such cDNA molecules as templates, thereby obtaining a cDNAmolecule of about 470 bp encoding a heavy chain variable region andincluding the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; and a cDNA moleculeof about 450 bp encoding a light chain variable region and including thenucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.

As a result of analyzing complementarity determining regions (CDRs) ofsuch heavy chain and light chain variable regions, it has been foundthat the heavy chain variable region has three CDRs at the amino acidpositions of 31-35 (SEQ ID NO: 9), 50-66 (SEQ ID NO: 10) and 99-106 (SEQID NO: 11) in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. Similarly, it hasbeen observed that the light chain variable region has three CDRs at theamino acid positions of 24-35 (SEQ ID NO: 12), 51-57 (SEQ ID NO: 13),and 90-98 (SEQ ID NO: 14) in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.

Accordingly, a cDNA molecule according to an embodiment of the presentinvention encodes a heavy chain variable region of a monoclonal antibodyspecifically binding to hTNFα, wherein the heavy chain variable regionincludes the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 9, 10 and 11.Preferably, the present invention provides a cDNA molecule encoding aheavy chain variable region containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 7 and, more preferably, a cDNA molecule having the nucleotidesequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.

Further, a cDNA molecule according to another embodiment of the presentinvention encodes a light chain variable region of a monoclonal antibodyspecifically binding to hTNFα, wherein the light chain variable regionincludes the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 12, 13 and 14.Preferably, the present invention provides a cDNA molecule encoding alight chain variable region containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 8 and, more preferably, a cDNA molecule having the nucleotidesequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.

Each of the foregoing cDNA molecules encoding the heavy chain variableregion and the light chain variable region may be inserted into aconventional vector to obtain a recombinant vector. In a preferredembodiment of the present invention, the cDNA molecule including thenucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6 may be inserted intopCR2.1-TOPO (Invitrogen Co. U.S.A.) to prepare a recombinant vectorpTSK11-Hv containing the heavy chain variable region or a recombinantvector pTSK11-Lv containing the light chain variable region.

Further, such recombinant vector may be introduced into a suitable host,e.g., a microorganism such as E. coli TOP10F. For example, E. coliTOP10F was transformed with either pTSK11-Hv or pTSK11-Lv to obtain anE. coli transformant designated either E. coli TOP10F/pTSK11-Hv or E.coli TOP10F/pTSK11-Lv, which was deposited at the Korean Collection forType Cultures (Address: #52, Oun-dong, Yusong-ku, Taejon 305-333,Republic of Korea) on Aug. 26, 2003 under the accession number of eitherKCTC 10514BP or KCTC 10515BP, in accordance with the terms of theBudapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit ofMicroorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure.

The above recombinant vector may be recovered from the transformantaccording to a conventional method (J. Sambrook et al., Molecularcloning Vol. 1:1.25-1.28). For example, the transformant may be treatedwith solution 1 (50 mM glucose, 25 mM Tris·HCl and 10 mM EDTA) to weakenits cell membrane, followed by treating with solution 2 (0.2 N NaOH and1% SDS) to destroy the cell membrane completely and denature the exposedproteins and chromosomes. Next, cellular components except for therecombinant vector may be aggregated by further treating with solution 3(5 M potassium acetate and acetic acid) and, then, the resultingsolution may be subjected to centrifugation to obtain a supernatantcontaining the recombinant vector. The recombinant vector may berecovered from the supernatant by way of ethanol precipitation.

An antibody variable region of the present invention may comprise atleast one of the heavy chain variable region containing the amino acidsequences of SEQ ID NOS: 9, 10 and 11; and the light chain variableregion containing the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 12, 13 and 14.Preferably, the antibody variable region may comprise at least one ofthe heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 7 and the light chain variable region having the amino acid sequenceof SEQ ID NO: 8.

A humanized monoclonal antibody against hTNFα may be obtained by fusinga human antibody gene with a cDNA molecule encoding a heavy chainvariable region containing CDRs of SEQ ID NOS: 9 to 11 or encoding alight chain variable region containing CDRs of SEQ ID NOS: 12 to 14.Alternatively, a humanized monoclonal antibody may be obtained byreplacing a human antibody variable region with such cDNA molecule.

As mentioned above, since the antibody variable region of the presentinvention specifically binds to hTNFα, it can be effectively used forneutralizing and deactivating hTNFα.

The present invention is further defined in the following Examples. Itshould be understood that these Examples, while indicating preferredembodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only.

EXAMPLE 1 Immunization of a Mouse with hTNFα

30 μg of a recombinant hTNFα (Biosource PHC3011, Belgium) dissolved in150 μl of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was emulsified by mixing with150 μl of complete Freund's adjuvant (Sigma F5881, U.S.A.), and 300 μlof the resulting emulsion was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into a6-week old male BALB/c mouse. After two weeks, the mouse was injectedi.p. with 300 μl of emulsion mixture containing 30 μg of hTNFα and 150μl of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (Sigma F5506, USA). Two weeks afterthe second injection, 30 μg of the recombinant hTNF-α dissolved in 150μl of PBS was injected intravenously (i.v.) into the mouse. 10 daysafter the third injection, the mouse was boosted i.v. with 30 μg of therecombinant hTNFα in PBS.

EXAMPLE 2 Fusion of Mouse Slpeen Cells Producing Anti-hTNFα Antibody

The immunized mouse in Example 1 was sacrificed by potassium carbonatesuffocation and, then, the spleen was extracted therefrom. Spleen cellswere obtained from the mouse spleen, and mixed with nonsecreting myelomacells, Sp2/0 (ATCC CRL1581) at a ratio of 10:1. For cell fusion, 1 ml of50% polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500, Roche 783641) preheated to 37° C. wasadded to the cell mixture. Fused cells were diluted with a growth mediumcontaining 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS, JRH, 12-10678P), 50 μg/ml ofgentamicin (Gibco-BRL, 15750-060), 1×DMEM (JRH, 56499-10L) and 1×HATsupplement (0.1 mM sodium hypoxanthine, 0.4 μM aminopterin, 16 μMthymidin; Gibco-BRL, 31062-037) and distributed in 0.2 ml aliquots to a96-well plate (Nunc, 469949, Denmark) at a concentration of 1.1×10⁵cells/well. The fused cells were cultured at 37° C. in a humidified CO₂incubator with 5% CO₂ for 2˜3 weeks.

EXAMPLE 3 Screening and Cloning of a Cell Line ProducingAnti-hTNFαAntibody

Once the fused cells formed colonies, their supernatant was taken andsubjected to ELISA assay to confirm antibody production. For ELISAassay, wells were coated with 1 μg/mg of hTNFα at 4° C. overnight, 200μl of 0.5% casein-PBS solution was added to each well, and the reactionwas carried out at 37° C. for 1 hour. Next, 100 μl of the supernatantwas added to the each well, and the reaction was carried out at 37° C.for 2 hours. Then, 100 μl of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goatanti-mouse IgG (Bio-Rad, 170-6516) diluted by a ratio of 1:1000 wasadded to the each well and kept at 37° C. for 1.5 hours. Lastly, 100 μlof a horseradish peroxiadase substrate solution (Bio-Rad, 172-1064) wasadded to the each well and such well was maintained at 37° C. for 3minutes to induce color development. The absorbance of the each well wasmeasured at 410 nm with ELISA reader (Dinatec inc., USA).

EXAMPLE 4 Selection of a Cell Line Producing Anti-hTNFα Antibody

Among the cell lines cloned in Example 3, nine IgG-producing cell lines,which showed higher absorbance than a positive control serum obtainedfrom a hTNF-α immunized mouse, were obtained. Out of these cell lines,TSK11 exhibiting the highest absorbance was finally selected for furtheranalysis.

EXAMPLE 5 Isotypine of Monoclonal Antibody Obtained from Hybridoma CellLine TSK11

The isotype of the monoclonal antibody produced from the hybridoma cellline TSK11 was determined by ELISA assay as follows. 100 μl of mouseMonoAb ID kit HRP solution (Zymed, 90-6550) was added to a wellpreviously coated with 100 μg/ml of TSK11 antibody and, then, the wellplate was kept at room temperature for 3 minutes to induce colordevelopment. The absorbance of each well was measured at 410 nm withELISA reader (Dinatec inc., U.S.A.). As a result, it was found that theTSK11 antibody contains an IgG1-type heavy chain and a kappa-type lightchain.

EXAMPLE 6 In vitro Binding Affinity of Monoclonal Antibody fromHybridoma Cell Line TSK11

In vitro binding affinity of TSK11 antibody against hTNFα was determinedby ELISA assay. Here, each well was coated with 100 μl of recombinanthTNFα at a concentration of 4 μg/ml. Next, in Micro Tube (AXYGEN,U.S.A.) recombinant hTNFα was diluted with PBS solution supplementedwith 0.02% bovine serum albumin to obtain the final concentrationranging from 5×10⁻⁹ M to 1×10⁻¹⁰ M. hTNFα diluents having variousconcentrations were mixed with 30 ng of TSK11 antibody and maintained at37° C. for 2 hours. The mixed solution was distributed to the each wellcoated with the recombinant hTNFα, and incubated at 37° C. for 2 hours.Then, 100 μl of a horseradish peroxiadase substrate solution (Bio-rad,172-1064) was added to the each well and kept at 37° C. for 3 minutes toinduce color development. The absorbance of the each well was measuredat 410 nm with ELISA reader (Dinatec inc., U.S.A.).

Apparent affinity was determined by calculating a reciprocal of theantigen concentration required in inhibiting 50% of the maximum bindingin the competitive ELISA according to Scatchard plot analysis (FriguetE. et al., J. of Immunological Method 77: 305-319, 1985). As a result,the affinity of TSK11 antibody against hTNFα was 1.95×10⁻⁹ M (Kd).

EXAMPLE 7 RNA Isolation from Hybridoma Cell Line TSK11 and cDNASynthesis

Total RNA was extracted from 1×10⁸ cells of hybridoma cell line TSK11with RNeasy kit (QIAGEN, U.S.A.) and subjected to cDNA synthesis usingThermotranscript Kit (GibcoBRL, U.S.A.). 5 μg of RNA as a template and0.5 ng of Oligo d(T) were suspended in distilled water whose finalvolume was adjusted to 10 μl. The mixture was kept at 65° C. for 5minutes to denature RNA and cooled down to room temperature to induceprimer annealing. RT-PCR reaction solution for cDNA synthesis wasprepared by mixing 1 μl of reverse transcriptase (1 unit/μl), 2.5 μl of0.1 M DTT, 2.5 μl of 10 mM dNTP and 1 μl of RNase inhibitor (1 unit/μl)whose final volume was adjusted to 25 μl with distilled water. TheRT-PCR reaction was performed at 50° C. for 1 hour and stopped byheating the reaction mixture at 95° C. for 5 minutes.

PCR was conducted by employing 2 μg of the synthesized cDNA as atemplate and a pair of primers (SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2) for theamplification of a heavy chain or another pair of primers (SEQ ID NOS: 3and 4) for the amplification of a light chain. The PCR reaction solutioncontained 0.5 μl of AmpliTaq Gold polymerase (5 unit/μl, Perkin-ElmerBiosystem Co., U.S.A.), 1 μl of 10 mM dNTP and 5 μl of 25 mM MgCl₂ whosefinal volume was adjusted to 50 μl with distilled water. The PCRconditions were as follows: 30 cycles of 1 minute at 94° C., 1 minute at55° C. and 2 minutes at 72° C. after an initial denaturation of 5minutes at 95° C., and followed by a final extension of 10 minutes at72° C.

The amplified DNA was subjected to 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis andthe gel was stained with 100 ml of 0.5 μg/ml ethidium bromide solutionfor 20 minutes. As a result, two amplified DNA products were identifiedat a position corresponding to about 470 bp in case of the heavy chainand at a position corresponding to about 450 bp in case of the lightchain, based on a 100 bp standard DNA ladder (Lifetechnology Co.U.S.A.).

EXAMPLE 8 cDNA Cloning

The heavy chain DNA fragment of 470 bp amplified in Example 7 wasrecovered and purified from the agarose gel by using QIAquick GelExtraction kit (Qiagen, U.S.A.). The purified DNA fragment was subclonedinto vector pCR2.1-TOPO (Invitrogen Co., U.S.A.) and the resultingvector was introduced into E. coli TOP10F (Invitrogen Co., U.S.A.) toobtain a transformant (Cohen, S. N. et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 69:2110, 1972). The E. coli transformant thus prepared was culturedovernight in LB medium supplemented with 100 μg/ml of ampicillin. Aplasmid DNA was extracted from the cultured transformant and treatedwith restriction enzyme EcoRi (BioLab Co., USA), to obtain a cloneTSK11-Hv containing the heavy chain DNA fragment of 470 bp.

The same procedures were performed as to the light chain DNA fragment of450 bp amplified in Example 7 to obtain an E. coli TOP10F transformant.The E. coli transformant was cultured overnight in LB mediumsupplemented with 100 μg/ml of ampicillin. A plasmid DNA was extractedfrom the cultured transformant and treated with restriction enzyme EcoRi(BioLab Co., USA), to obtain a clone TSK11-Lv containing the light chainDNA fragment of 450 bp.

EXAMPLE 9 cDNA Nucleotide Sequencing

Clones TSK11-Hv and TSK11-Lv obtained in Example 8 were purified byusing Wizard plus SV Minipreps DNA Purification System (Promega,U.S.A.), and subjected to nucleotide sequencing.

As a result, it was found that the heavy chain DNA fragment containedthe nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 and the amino acid sequence ofSEQ ID NO: 7. Three specific DNA fragments (TSK11Hv1, TSK11Hv2 and aTSK11Hv3) beloning to clone TSK11Hv were tested, and their nucleotidesequences were identical. A plasmid vector obtained from the cloneTSK11Hv was designated pTSK11-Hv. Further, E. coli transformed with theplasmid vector pTSK11-Hv was designated E. coli TOP10F/pTSK11-Hv anddeposited at the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (Address: #52,Oun-dong, Yusong-ku, Taejon 305-333, Republic of Korea) on Aug. 26, 2003under the accession number of KCTC 10514BP, in accordance with the termsof the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Depositof Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure.

Further, it was observed that the light chain DNA fragment contained thenucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 and the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO: 8. Two specific DNA fragments (TSK11Lv1 and TSK11Lv2) belongingto clone TSK11Lv were tested, and their nucleotide sequences wereidentical. A plasmid vector obtained from the clone TSK11Lv wasdesignated pTSK1-Lv. Further, E. coli transformed with the plasmidvector pTSK11-Lv was designated E. coli TOP10F/pTSK11-Lv and depositedat the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (Address: #52, Oun-dong,Yusong-ku, Taejon 305-333, Republic of Korea) on Aug. 26, 2003 under theaccession number of KCTC 10515BP, in accordance with the terms of theBudapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit ofMicroorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure.

Based on the amino acid sequence analysis (Harris. L. et al., ProteinSci. 4: 306-310, 1995; Kabat. E. A. et al., Sequence of proteins ofimmunological interest. 5th Ed., 1991; Williams A. F. et al., Annu. Rev.Immunol. 6: 381-406, 1988) of the variable region of the monoclonalantibody obtained from the hybridoma cell line TSK11, it was found thatthe heavy chain belongs to a miscellaneous group other than 11 groupsdefined by Kabat and the light chain belongs to a kappa 6-type subgroup.

Antigen-recognizing CDRs of the heavy chain were found to be at theamino acid positions of 31-35 (SEQ ID NO: 9), 50-66 (SEQ ID NO: 10), and99-106 (SEQ ID NO: 11) and those of the light chain were found to be atthe amino acid positions of 24-35 (SEQ ID NO: 12), 51-57 (SEQ ID NO:13), and 90-98 (SEQ ID NO: 14).

While the embodiments of the subject invention have been described andillustrated, it is obvious that various changes and modifications can bemade therein without departing from the spirit of the present inventionwhich should be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

1. An antibody variable region of a monoclonal antibody specificallybinding to human tumor necrosis factor-α, comprising at least one of: aheavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQID NOS: 9, 10 and 11; and a light chain variable region comprising theamino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 12, 13 and
 14. 2. The antibodyvariable region of claim 1, wherein the heavy chain variable regioncomprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 7. 3. The antibodyvariable region of claim 1, wherein the light chain variable regioncomprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:
 8. 4. The antibodyvariable region of claim 1, wherein the heavy chain variable region isencoded by a cDNA molecule comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ IDNO:
 5. 5. The antibody variable region of claim 1, wherein the lightchain variable region is encoded by a cDNA molecule comprising thenucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.